Belt Conveyor

Belt conveyors can transport a wide variety of materials. Bulk materials include coal, crushed stone, sand, cement, chemical fertilizers, grain, cereals, ore, and fly ash; unit loads consist of bagged items weighing less than 100 kg each. Generally, the temperature of the conveyed material should be below 60°C, although specialized heat-resistant belts allow for the transport of materials at higher temperatures.

The working principle of the equipment

The working principle of a belt conveyor is as follows: the conveyor belt loops around the drive pulley and various redirection pulleys to form a closed circuit, with appropriate tension applied by a tensioning device. During operation, the drive unit provides power, which is transmitted to the belt via friction between the drive pulley and the belt itself, driving the belt in continuous motion. Material is loaded onto the belt at the feed end and transported to the discharge end for unloading. The equipment must be started under no-load conditions; material should only be fed once normal operation is established. The conveyor is suitable for horizontal transport as well as inclined transport (either upward or downward).

Equipment operating instructions

Pre-start Preparation: Adjust the conveyor belt tension and ensure belt fasteners are secure; verify that drive components (bearings, gears, chains, etc.) are in good condition; ensure all idlers and safety guards are in place; confirm proper electrical grounding or neutral connection; and ensure the belt width matches the drum width. Check the area around the conveyor belt for foreign objects.
No-load Start: Start the belt conveyor without a load; feed material only after normal operation is established. Starting the conveyor after material has already been loaded is prohibited.
Operational Monitoring: Ensure uniform feeding during operation to avoid overloading. Monitor the belt for smooth movement and check for any mistracking. When multiple conveyors operate in a series, the shutdown sequence must proceed sequentially from the discharge end back to the feed end (from rear to front).
Shutdown Procedure: Clear all material from the conveyor before stopping; do not shut down until the belt is completely empty. Operation under overload or overspeed conditions is prohibited.

Application of the equipment in the production line

Belt conveyors play a pivotal role in material transfer across various production lines. In organic fertilizer production lines, they link equipment such as crushers, compost turners, granulators, dryers, coolers, screening machines, and packaging scales, ensuring the continuous flow of materials between processing stages. In compound fertilizer production lines, they handle the transport of raw materials for batching as well as the transfer of finished products. In mining operations and coal yards, they are used for the long-distance transport and loading of ore and coal. Belt conveyors serve as fundamental equipment that connects production stages and enables continuous manufacturing operations.